Curricular programs which are student-centered start with needs analysis. Which term best meets this description?

• A. Integration
• B. Needs analysis
• C. Cooperative
• D. Total physical response

Answer: (B)

Beginning with needs analysis places learners at the center of planning, because you start by discovering what students actually need to do, what they can already do, and the contexts in which they’ll use the language. This information shapes objectives, content, tasks, materials, and assessments, making the curriculum feel relevant and motivating for students. In practice, you might gather data from surveys, interviews, observations, and context analyses to identify real-world language demands and personal goals, then design instruction around those findings. The other ideas describe methods or structures that don’t inherently start with diagnosing learner needs: integration focuses on blending subjects, cooperative refers to group-work formats, and Total Physical Response is a kinesthetic teaching method.