When including direct quotes from authorities and speeches in your paper, what must you do?

• A. Cite the exact context from which they were taken in footnotes, endnotes or parenthetical citations.
• B. Quote without citation.
• C. Only paraphrase the quotes.
• D. Include the quotes in the bibliography only.

Answer: (C)

Direct quotes require clear attribution through a proper citation. When you include the exact words of authorities or speeches, you should present the quotation with quotation marks and attach a citation that points to the source and the precise location (page, section, or timestamp) so readers can verify the original context. Different style guides will use footnotes, endnotes, or in-text citations, but the key point is that the source and location are visible in the body of your paper. Quoting without any citation leaves readers without a way to verify or understand the origin, and paraphrasing is an option when you restate the idea in your own words with a citation. Merely listing the quotation in the bibliography doesn’t tell readers where to find or how to interpret the exact wording within your text.