Which concept describes learning that involves student planning and autonomy?

• A. Structured
• B. Self-directed
• C. Guided
• D. Implicit

Answer: (B)

Self-directed learning is learning where the student takes charge of planning and steering their own study. It involves setting personal goals, deciding what to learn, choosing resources, managing time, and monitoring progress toward those goals. The teacher’s role shifts to that of a facilitator who provides guidance, materials, and feedback rather than directing every step. This autonomy and initiative distinguish it from more structured approaches, where activities and aims are predefined by the instructor, and from guided approaches, where the teacher offers scaffolding but the learning path remains largely instructor-led. It also differs from implicit learning, which happens without explicit instruction or deliberate planning. When a learner actively plans and controls their learning, the process is self-directed.