Which method is described as a near target language equivalent?

• A. Borrowing
• B. Synonymy
• C. Calque
• D. Literal Translation

Answer: (B)

Choosing a near target language equivalent means picking a word in the target language that carries the same sense and nuance as the original, so the result sounds natural and appropriate for the context rather than being a literal or foreign-sounding rendering. This approach is best described by synonymy: using a closely related word in the target language that matches meaning and tone. Borrowing keeps a foreign term as-is and often feels out of place in fluent text; a calque translates phrases or expressions literally, echoing the source structure; and literal translation aims for a word-for-word rendering that can flatten idiomatic meaning. Using a near equivalent through synonyms preserves the intended sense while staying natural in the target language.