Which model used in teaching literature is teacher-centered?

• A. Reader-Response Model
• B. Cultural model
• C. New Criticism
• D. Structuralism

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is how the classroom decision-making and interpretation are oriented. In the cultural model, literature teaching is framed around culture, ideology, and social contexts. The teacher takes the lead by selecting texts, setting the themes, and guiding discussions to reveal how cultural forces shape meaning and interpretation. This creates a more teacher-centered atmosphere, with the teacher shaping the lens through which students analyze the text.

In contrast, other approaches emphasize the learner’s role or focus on text structure. For example, a reader-centered approach centers the student’s own interpretation and responses, while formalist or structural analyses focus on the text's internal features and systems, often allowing more student exploration within guided, non-authoritative boundaries. But for a model that tends to place the teacher at the center of driving inquiry about culture and context, the cultural model fits that description best.