With Patroclus's death, Achilles felt anger and shame because:

• A. He believed the gods had betrayed him
• B. He regretted that his pride had overcome his loyalty to his friends and country
• C. He wanted to surrender
• D. He blamed Patroclus

Answer: (B)

The core idea here is how Achilles’ pride affects his feelings when Patroclus dies. Achilles has been driven by personal honor, and his withdrawal from battle was fueled by a stubborn belief that he must protect his own glory. Patroclus’ death makes him see the terrible cost of that pride: a close friend is killed, and the Greek cause suffers because Achilles stayed out of the fight.

So the anger he feels is directed at the situation caused by his own vanity, and the shame comes from recognizing that his pride overrode his loyalty to Patroclus and to his fellow Greeks. This is why the option that says his pride had overridden his loyalty to his friends and country best captures what he is experiencing.

It isn’t about the gods betraying him, nor about wanting to surrender, nor about blaming Patroclus.